不均质回声是什么意思

工匠简介：谢锡昌，男，1964年1月生，1988年进入北京同仁堂制药厂从事中药制剂工作，2008年来到同仁堂药店加工部从事手工泛制水丸工作，现任加工部水丸组班长。2018年被评为东城区级同仁堂手工泛制水丸非遗传承人。2021年荣获第二届“北京大工匠”称号。

Craftsman profile: Xichang Xie was born in January 1964, and became a member of Beijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory processing Chinese medicine in 1988. Since 2008, he has started making mass-produced watered pills in the Chinese medicine processing department of Tong Ren Tang Pharmacy. Currently, he heads the team making mass-produced watered pills. In 2018, he was recognized as Tong Ren Tang mass-produced watered pills intangible cultural heritage inheritor by Dongcheng District, Beijing. In 2021, in the 2nd "Great Artisan of Beijing" selection, he earned the title of "Great Artisan of Beijing".

中医药作为中华民族的伟大创造，是中华文明的瑰宝，在保障民生中发挥着重要的作用。如今随着科技的不断发展，大多数中药都以规模化机器来生产，而对于有特殊病症，有个性化用药需求的患者来说，则需要由专门从事制药工作的师傅来完成药品的制作。水泛丸便是一种“因人而异”的中药。小小一粒药丸，含药量高，便于吞服，利于保管存储，在我国已有三百多年的历史。当今，手工泛制水丸这项技艺已少有人会，而谢锡昌作为北京市东城区级同仁堂手工泛制水丸非遗传承人，拥有着十分精湛的技艺。

Chinese medicine is a creation by the wisdom of Chinese people, it helps people fend off illness and saves people’s lives. Contemporarily, technology enables most Chinese medicines produced by machines in scale, but for patients with rare diseases and personal medication needs, the medicines are made by the hands of Chinese medicine artisan. Mass-produced watered pills are handmade to cater to the personal need of a patient. The tiny pills contain high density of medicine. They are easy to swallow, and convenient for storage. The skill for making watered pills has 300 years of history in China. But nowadays, only a few people have that skill. Xichang Xie , a Tong Ren Tang mass-produced watered pills intangible cultural heritage inheritor recognized by Dongcheng District, Beijing, has a rare command of that skill.

2022年暑期，来自马里的留学生张衣笙带着来自卢旺达的留学生孟可来到了位于北京东城区前门大街的北京同仁堂，这里是水制泛丸工匠谢锡昌的工作地点。他们向谢锡昌学习了水泛丸制作，进一步感受这项巧妙的技艺及其蕴含的工匠精神。通过与谢锡昌的交谈，国际学生们了解到水泛丸的制作虽然只需要竹匾、刷子、药粉、黏合剂这四样工具，但其操作时间可长达几个小时，需要具有深厚的功底以及良好的体力、耐力。

In the summer of 2022, Yisheng Zhang , an international student from Mali, brought Ke Meng, an international student from Rwanda to Beijing Tong Ren Tang, located on Qianmen Street in the Dongcheng District of Beijing, to visit the workshop of Xichang Xie . They learned the skills of making watered pills with Xichang Xie and they were impressed by the artisanship. The conversation with Xichang Xie made Zhang and Meng realize, the making of watered pills seem to be simple as the materials required for making the pills are only the bamboo-made holder, the brush for sweeping the pills, medicinal powder and binding water, but the work actually needs more than that. It not only requires experience, but can take hours long for making one medicine, a challenge for both strength and patience.

在国际学生们的体验过程中，谢锡昌首先进行了示范操作，轻巧而连贯的动作使张衣笙和孟可不禁连连赞叹。刷水，上药粉，随后双手握住竹匾摇转几下，再拿起刷子扫模子。这些看起来简单的操作，实际操作起来却让张衣笙和孟可直呼“太难了”。

While teaching Zhang and Meng, Xichang Xie first gave them a demo. Zhang and Meng kept marveling at Xie’s skill while watching his deft moves of brushing the water, putting the powder, then shaking the bamboo-made holder with both hands and then using the brush to sweep the kernel. These operations seemed to be easy, but the actual performance made Zhang and Meng realize they were "really difficult".

谈到学艺的经历，北京同仁堂药店加工部高级技师赵桂华是谢锡昌的引路人。初学时，师傅的严厉教导曾让谢锡昌有所不解，而随着学习技艺的深入，他渐渐懂得了师傅的良苦用心。 “想要做好水泛丸，就得用心、用脑，不惜力。”师傅反复叮嘱的这句话，谢锡昌铭记至今。在这看似枯燥地泛制水丸的过程中，实际上沉淀下来的是一代代制药匠人所传承下来的锲而不舍、追求卓越的精神。

Speaking of the old days learning the skill, Xichang Xie mentioned his master, Zhao Guihua, a senior artisan in the Chinese medicine processing department of Beijing Tong Ren Tang Pharmacy. At the start, Xie couldn’t understand why Zhao had to be so tough on him. As his learning went deeper, he came to understand the master's good heart. Xie bears in mind Zhao’s words, “One needs to use his mind, his heart and save no strength to make good watered pills.” The process of making watered pills seem tedious, but there is in it the spirit of perseverance and pursuit of excellence inherited from generations of pharmaceutical artisans.

在这次体验中，国际学生们不仅学习了水泛丸制作的过程，更深刻体会到作为一名中药泛丸工——谢锡昌的一片匠心。

This visit not only gave the international students a chance to learn the process of making mass-produced watered pills, but also left them an impression of Chinese artisanship embodied by Xichang Xie, a Chinese medicine watered pills handmaker.

指导单位：全国总工会新闻中心 北京市人民政府新闻办公室

Instructor:The News Center of ACFTU   Information Office of Beijing Municipality

联合出品：中国互联网新闻中心 北京第二外国语学院

Produced by China International Information Center(CIIC) and Beijing International Studies University(BISU)

出品人：王晓辉

Presenter: Xiaohui Wang

总监制：杨新华 张严

Executive Producer:Xinhua Yang　Yan Zhang 

总策划：蔡晓娟 巩琳萌 鲁楠 白岩

Producer:Xiaojuan Cai　Linmeng Gong　Nan Lu　Yan Bai

执行策划：刘颖 马宪超 栗卫斌 徐兴田

Line Producer:Ying Liu　Xianchao Ma　Weibin Li　Xingtian Xu 

摄制团队：高佳慧 刘愉麒 刘紫涵 杨昊 刘梓桐 周睿知 刘靖 柯安米 李苑童

Filming team:Jiahui Gao　Yuqi Liu　Zihan Liu　Hao Yang　Zitong Liu　Ruizhi Zhou　Jing Liu　Anmi Ke　Yuantong Li

宣发：雷滢 李智

Publicist:  Ying Lei　Zhi Li

审译：乔拓新 张艳玲

Translation: Tuoxin Qiao　Yanling Zhang 

后期制作： 赵超 吴狄 宋子龙

Post-Production: Chao Zhao　Di Wu　Zilong Song